System of heating by aid of vacuum.



G. C. PEUK.

SYSTEM OF HEATING BY AID 0F VACUUM.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 22, 1909.

927,591. Patented July 13, 1909.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

(I. G, PEGK. SYSTEM OF HEATING BY AID 0P VACUUM.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.22,1909.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented July 13, 1909.

INVENTOR:

awwma @wfc/ FIG. 2.

WITNESZZ mmflwf C. G. PEOK. SYSTEM OF HEATING BY AID OF VACUUM.

APPLICATION FILED JANZZ, 1909.

Patented July 13, 1909.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

0'. G. PBGK. SYSTEM OF HEATING BY AID 0P VACUUM.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 22, 1909. Patented l3, 4 BHBETB-BHBET 4' FIGJIJ. F||;.11.

FIE. E!

INVENTOR:

%QM' 44 wwuw-a/ @M/ OASSIUS CARROLL PEGK, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

SYSTEM OF HEATING BY AID OF VACUUM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 13, 1909.

Application filed .lanuary 22, 1909. Serial No. 473,762.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1-, OAssrus CARROLL PEGK, a citizen of the United States, residing at Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improved. System of Heating by Aid of Vacuum, of which the following is a specification.

My invention constitutes certain improvements in the vacuum system which 1s embodied in my Patents Number 874,112 and 874,113, dated December 17th, 1907, and Nun1ber.883 ,337, dated March 31st, 1908, and consist in an improved combination and arrangement of apparatus by means of which better operative results are secured, taken in connection with the addition of certain devices for giving more complete control of heat supply, prevention of clogging with solidmatter, and making the system noiseless in operation.

Experience having shown that an automatic valve is not needful in a well designed vacuum heating system for attachment to the return end of each radiating unit, but that it is needful to' guard carefully against clogging the small openin required, I have provided the most desira le conditions by combining such a screen as is; shown in my Patent Number 874,112,with such a type of fixed ening valve as is described and shown in my atent Number 874,113, and made the discharge from the valve body at the bottom of the body, so as 0 secure the combined advantages-of these two type of valves while avoiding the use of any part which must move to effect operation. As a fixed opening valve on the return end of a radiator requires means of preventing steam from being drawn from the return p1 es into radiators when the su ply valve of -each radiator is closed, it hasli relief to allow air to enter each radiator when sufiicicnt vacuum is formed therein by condensation of steam to reach the degree of vacuum which is maintained in the return pipes. While this relief can be made a part of the radiator return valve. it is better to treat it as a separate device, as my experience with both ways of use has shown, and attach it to a radiator where an ordinary air valve would bo attached. This avoidsthc possibility of water leakage through the reicf by collection of condensation at the bottom portion of a radiator.

. hauster to cen necessary to add a vacuum.

An important improvement over the revious patents referred to consists in com ining the air and 'water separator shown and described therein with the receiver of the Water pump, thus making said receiver a separator, and connecting a steam jet exthe far end of a secondary radiator laced between said receiver-and said pump.

y this arrangement of condensing surface the Water level in the receiver is not materially affected by the degree of vacuum maintained in the return pipes of the heating circuit. r

Another improved feature consists of an air-cooled surface condenser for condensing steam ejected from, andemployed foroperating the exhauster, together with means for returning the resulting Water of condensation to the receiver, or to the boiler, as the case may be.

In the drawings Figure 1 is an elevation showing the elements of my improved heatmg system suitably assembled for operation. Fig. 2 is a central vertical section of the valve which is used on the return end of each radiating unit. Fig. 3 1s a cross section of the screenframe "with its screen and the valve stems of the two valves in a single valve body on plane of broken line XX, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a vertical elevation of the vacuum relief device. Fig. 5 is the corresponding central vcrticalsection of said device. Fig. 6 is an elevation of the air and water sepa rator required on the return end of the secondary radiator for returning water of condensation formed in said radiator to the recciver, or to the boiler, a portion being broken away toshow the return pipe. Fig. 7 is an elevation showing a roper arrangement of the elements of my eating system to suit a low pressure steam heating system such as is used for heating houses with say from one half pound to two and a half pounds pressure. Fig. 8 is a central vertical section of the vacuum governor, showing the steam supply valve to the exhauster controlled by a diaphragm in o erative connection with the return pipe of the heating circuit. Fig. 9 is a central vertical section of an ordinary receiver and of a float-governed valve which admits operative steam to a pump which has its suction connected to the water space of the receiver. Fig. 10 is a cen tral vertical section of a steam jet exhauster such as used on my system of heating. Fig.

, through pipe 1 V gree of I 11 is a central vertical section of an ordinary check valve similar to those designated in Fig. 1 as 10, 12 and 12.

' In Fig. 1 live steam ipe 1 supplies high pressure steam from a 01181, or other convenient source, through pipe 2, controlled by stop valve 3 and governor valve 4, to the steam jet exhauster 5, which exhausts air and vapor through suction pipe 6 from the separator 7 and discharges through pi e 8 and condensing coil 9 to the atmosp ere which is provided with an outwardly opening check-valve 10 water of condensation from the coil flowing through the U trap 11 to the main return pipe 12 of the heating circuit, and so-to receiverv 13. Separator 7 is connected by pipe 14 with the secondary heating and condensing coil 15, the supplypipe of which 16 is connected with the upper part of receiver 13; hence the exhauster 5 draws all air and vapor from the receiver and creates and maintains such devacuum therein as is desired forthe return piping of the heating system. Separator 7 is. drained by gravity through pipe 17 into receiver 13. High pressure steam pipe 1 also supplies through pipe 18 such amount of steam to low pressurepipe 19 as is needed V trolled by valve.

in excess of low pressure steam which is furnished from an engine exhaust, or otherwise, to said pipe 19 as is required for maintaining requisite pressure in supply pipe 20. Pressure reducing valve 21 is preferably placed in a three-valve-by-pass having the valve 18 in i e 18 between the by-pass and pipe 19 an t e valves 21 and 21 in the by-pass on either side of reducing valve 21, as shown, to facilitate making any needed repairs. Main supply 19 is preferably drained by a U trap 19*. into main return ipe 12, but if, in order to lift water of ,con ensation, or for other cause, so high a vacuum be carried as to overbalance the height ofa column of Water in a U trap, a differently constructed trap must be substituted.

Receiver 13 is connected at the bottom in the .usual lmannernto the water pump 22, which delivers waterof condensatlon to any desired point, as into a heater, or a boiler, the pump being driven by live steam con- 23 actuated, as is usual in such apparatus, by a float shown inbroken lines in the receiver, and in section in Fig. 9, for maintaining a proper water level in the receiver. Additional water supply may be provided through valved pipe 24, a check valve 25 in pipe 17 preventing such supply wine insures complete separation of air and above the receiver to insure gravity vappr from water, and is placed sufficiently hig as an ordinary steam trap would drainage,

my valve 29 I constantly drains the radiator and the'coil not discharge waterof condensation from a chamber in which"was a partial vacuum.

Radiator 26 and coil 27 represent the radiating units of a heating system, which system may include any number ofsuch units.

' Each is provided with a supply valve 28 of any preferred attern, and prefer bly with s iown in Fig. 2, which'latter into return pipes '12. The vacuumrelief 30 having a chamber 31 connected with the interior of the radiator by passage 31, valve pin 32 and valve seat 33 placed at the bottom of the chamber, and the muffler chamber 34, which is usually filled with -fibrous material so as to prevent the whistling noise of inrushing air, is attached at any convenient point to the upper portion of each radiator. Gravity, and steam pressure transmitted from the radiator, unite in holding the valve pin to its seat and preventing outward leakage of steam; but w en some degree of vacuum succeeds steam pressure in a radiator the valve in is lifted and air enters the radiator and re ieves the vacuum, that is the excess above the degree of vacuum in return pipes which would otherwise draw steam and air from return pipe 12, causing noise, accumulation of water of condensation and continued heating of the radiator. The valve passages in relief 30 are quite small, 1/16 inch diameter serving for a radiator containing fifty or more s uare feet of surface, and are never larger than the constantly open passage in the water discharge valve at the return end of the radiator, so that the degree of vacuum in return pipes of a heating circuit is not lessened by automatic opening "of the vacuum reliefs on radiators.

As best shown in Fig. 8, automatic governor valve 4 is operated by the degree of vacuum which exists in return ipe. 12 by transmission through pipe 4* of t e pressiire to the diaphragm 4" to which the balanced piston steam valve 4 is attached by the stem 4 Movement of the diaphragm is restrained within the desired linut of pressure by the lever 4? which is pivoted to said stem and has a fulcrum in form of a pin which passes through the lever and is fixed in one arm of the yoke which unites the valve case to the diaphragm" case. By moving the weight 4 more or. less on the lever the diaphragm is made to move the valve at the proper point to either increase or decrease the live steam su ply to exhauster 5 and thus to correspon ingly increase or decrease its'suction heatin circuit and in this wa maintain a fixed egree of vacuum therein. It is immaterial whether the vacuum governor pipe 4 be connected to the diaphragm case above or below diaphragm 4 above, as shown, an increase of vacuum will. raise the diaphragm and the valve from the return piping of the but when connected same 1 stem 4 and close valve 4 against passage of live steam, and decrease of vacuum will cause opposite movement.

The operation is as follows 2-Steamof desired pressure being supplied through pipe 19 to pipe 20, and the preferred degree of vacuum established in return pipes 12 acting through openings 35 in valve stem 36, said openings being more or less closed by admitting live steam through pipe 2 and automatic governor valve 4 to exhauster 5, radiator su ply valves are openedeither fully or partial y. As water of condensation forms in the radiator and in the coil it is constantly drained by gravity, aided by vacuum in return pipes 12, acting through openings 35 in valve stem 36, said openings being more or less closed to suit the amount of radiating surface by adjustin valve 37 by screwing it up or down as need ill, the larger valve stem 36 being screwed down to its seat. The discharge from pipes 12 enters receiver 13 where air and vapor become separated from the water of condensation, the latter being automatically withdrawn from the receiver by steam pump 22 through governing steam supply for actuating the ump by the float 13 (see Fig. 9) acting t rough valve-stem 23 of valve 23 to admit and cut oil steam in pipe 1 which 0 crates the pump. Water is thus disehar e as fast as it accumulates to the desired evel while air and steam flow through pipe 16 to the secondary radiator 15,

which normally has suflicient surface for condensing all steam which enters it, the water.

of condensation then flowin through pipe 14 into separator 7, thence sinlring by gravit through pipe 17 into receiver 13. All air and vs. or are withdrawn through suction pipe 6 y exhauster 5 and forcedthrough coil 9 into the enlarged section of piping 9, which constitutes a separating chamber for air and water, whence air escapes freely to the atmosphere through pipe 10 having the outwardly opening check-valve 10 to prevent return of air therethrough, while any water of condensation formed in said coil returns by gravity through the U shaped trap 11 into the main return pipe 12.

As but a slight suction in the return pipes from the radiators is required for removing the air and the water from the-latter, only a low degree of vacuum should be maintained for this urpose, and maintaining more vacuum turn is necessary is attended with increasing diiiicultv in keeping piping tight against inward lealrage of air as well as useless expenditure of power in creating the higher degree of vacuum, besides increasing the volume of vapor by expanding it in the return pipes. Furthermore it bccon'ics impossible to easily regulate the extent to which radiators'can be kept filled wit h steam so as to control the amount of heat given out by radiators. it is one of the main objects &

of the present iniprovements to provide for easy operation of the heating circuit with lowest practicable pressure of steam supply and lowest permissible degree of vaccum in the return pipes. To this end suliicient opening is given through the smaller passage in valve 29 to insure complete drainage at all times or" water and air and to allow escape of some steam, the secondary radiator 15 being proportioned to condense the amount of steam which should be allowed to escape through the valve assages and is here shown in form of a coi as being best adapted for compelling all steam entering the coil to flow over all of the cooling surface before reaching the return end of the coil. This secondary radiator is utilized the same as a primary radiator, that is as either a direct radiator or as an indirect radiator; at the same time it prevents all waste of water and of heat contained by the water from the heating system; which matter of waste is of considerable importance in other vacuum systems that necessarily employ fresh water for condensing steam in return pipes to prevent the steam from reaching the vacuum pump attached to the end of said pipes, such condensing water with its heat going mostly to waste.

With the fixed opening valve on the return end of radiators 1t becomes an important condition of proper operation that a uniform degree of vacuum shall be maintained in return piping, the )ermanently 0 )en passages 35 being adjusted to correspond, as without such constant degree of vacuum the valve openings would require readjustment to correspond with changes of vacuum and prevent excessive withdrawal of steam by reason of too much opening, or insufiicicnt withdrawal through too little opening; hence automatic governor 4:, which may be of the diaphragm type shown in detail in Fig. 8 or of any other suitable type, is adjusted to supply motive steam to exhauster 5 in such measure as to keep the vacuum tension nearly constant, the governor pipe 4 transmitting said tension in return pipe 12 to the dia )hragm 4 of the governor, which is attached to the steam supply valve 4 in usual manner.

A condition of successful operation of the heating system is protection of the valve openings 35 (Fig. 2) against being clogged with pipe scale, core sand, rust, grease and dirt, which are always present in a heating circuit. Such protection is furnished by the wire screen 38 (Fig. 3) carried on a frame 39 which is attached to cover 40 (Fig. '2) of valve case 41, and forms a chamber inclosing valve stems 36 and 37, into which inclosure all water entering the valve case through radiator connection 41 must flow, and from which it finds exit through discharge connection l2 to return pipe 12.

The reason for locating the secondary radiator between the receiver and primary radiators, as shown in my Patent Number 874,113, was to have the strongest pull of the vacuum at the point of final delivery of both air and water. While this arrangement is entirely satisfactory in most installations, it has been found that in case of let e heating systems where the'secondary radiator is at considerable distance from the receiver and exhauster, the height of water in the receiver, fluctuates with the degree of vacuum, being greatest with highest vacuum, and that a U trap of more or less depth must be placed in the water drain ,pipe from the separator to the receiver to revent steam from being drawn from the ormer to the latter. In such cases-the location of the secondary radiator between the receiver and the exhauster insures steady water level in the receiver practically unaffected by the degree of vacuum carried in the return pipes of the heating system, as cause of variation in the other case is due to friction of air and vapor in contact with piping located between the separator and the exhauster which thus determines a less degree of vacuum at the receiver than at the separator.

In Fig. 7, which shows a suitable adaptation of my vacuum system to house heating, a low pressure boiler 1 typical of any suitable form of steam generator, supplies steam of usually one half pound to two and a half pounds pressure through valved steam suply pipe 19 and branch pipe 20 to more or ess radiation, re resented by radiator 26, the water of con ensation from which flows by gravity through pipe 12, having a checkvalve 12*, opening toward the boiler, to the boiler. A pipe 16 connected into the upper end of pipe 12 conveys air and vapor discharged from the fixed opening valve 29-on the return end of radiator 26, and from any other radiators in thelheating circuit, to secondary radiator 15, which is designed to be of sufiicient size to. condense all steam entering it. The return. pipe 14 enters separator 7, whence water flows through pipe 17 to the boiler, as conveniently shown t rough the lower end of pipe 12, while all air and vapor are drawn by exhauster 5 through pipe 6 and discharged from the exhauster-which is supplied with operative steam through pipe 2through condensing coil 9 and pipe 10, having an outwardly opening check-valve 10, to the atmosphere. Water of condense tion returns by gravity through pipe 12 having check-valve 12, opening with the return flow, to the boiler. The boiler is preferably equipped with the common arrangement of a diaphragm motor 21 having a valved connection to the valved steam pipe 19*- l'or controlling draft of the boiler by a chain attached to the lever of the dia hragm and to both the ash-pit door and the coal earner.

sup ly door, thus governing steam pressure in t e boiler in customary manner. So long as steam pressure in the boiler exceeds atmospheric pressure the exhauster will create circulation of steam through such radiators as have the supply valves more or less open and when va or tension in the boiler falls below atmosplieric pressure outwardly opening'check-valve 10* will close against entrance or outside air; thereafter condensation of steam in radiators through creation of some degree of vacuum. will for some time continue to draw vapor from the boiler and so keep radiators heated to a limited extent.

I do not confine myself to the exact constructions and arrangements of apparatus shown, as various modifications can be made without departing 'from, the essence of my improvements The term radiator, as used in the claims, and in the specification, is intended to include all forms of cast iron and pressed metal radiators and pipe coils, thus corres ending to the term radiation as genera ly employed by heating engineers and the heating trade.

What I claim as my invention and desir to secure by Letters hatent is a 1. In a steam heating system, the combination of a heating circuit embracing a supply pipe, a radiator and a return pipe; asecondary radiator so connected with the priradi mary tor as to receive only air and steam'therefrom and adapted for condensing said steam; a closed air and water separating chamber in the return pipe from the secondary radiator; an air exhauster beyond the secondary radiator and its. separating chamber for drawing steam and air from return i ing of the heating system; a pi e estabisliing communication between t e suction connection of the exhauster and the air space of the separating chamber; a discharge pipe from the ,exhauster adapted for discharging air uninter'ruptedly to the atmosphere; means for preventing return of air through said discharge pipe when some degree of vacuum exists therein; and means for operating the exhauster and'for automatically draining water of condensation from the primary radiator and-fromthe secondary radiator and returning it by gravity to a boiler, substantially as set forth.

2. In a steam heating system, the combination of a heating circuit including a supply pipe, a radiator and a return pipe; a secondary radiator so communicatin with the primary radiator as to receive on y air and steam therefrom, and adapted for condensing said steam; a closed air and water separating chamber in the return pipe from the secondary radiator; a water drainage pipe adapted to drain by gravity water of condensation from the separating chamber; an air exhauster beyond the secondary radiator and its separating chamber for drawing steam and air from return piping of the heating system; a pipe establishing communica tion from the suction connection of the exhauster into the air space of the separating chamber; a discharge pipe from the exhauster for discharging air uninterruptedly to the atmosphere; means for preventing recntrance of air through said discharge pipe when partial vacuum exists therein; and means for operating the exhauster and for automatically draining water of condensation from the primary radiator and from the secondary radiator and returning it by gravity to a boiler, substantially as shown and described.

3. In a steam heating system and in combination, a steam supply connected into a radiator; a water and air drainage pipe from the radiator; a secondary radiator in communication with the return from the primary radiator in such manner as to receive only air and steam from the primary radiator; a return pipe from the secondary radiator; a closed air and water separating chamber in said return pipe; an air exhauster having its suction. in communication with the air space of the separating chamber; a discharge pipe from the exhauster adapted to discharge air uninterruptedly to the atmosphere and embracing an air-cooled condenser; means for preventing return of air through said discharge pipe when some degree of vacuum exists in said condenser; and means for operating the exhauster and for automatically draining water of condensation from the primary radiator, the secondary radiator and the air-cooled condenser.

4. In a steam heating system and in combination, a heating circuit embracing a supply pipe, a radiator and a return pi e; a closed air and Water receiver COIIIIQCtMFlIItO the return pipe at the return end of the system adapted for receiving the water of condensation from the heating system; a pump having its suction in communication with the water space of said receiver and adapted for automatically maintaining desired water level therein and for delivering where desired the water of condensation from the heating system; means for operating said pump; a secondary radiator beyond the receiver and in communication witlr the air space of the receiver; a return pipe from the secondary radiator; a water and air separating chamber in said return pipe; an exhauster having its suction so connected with said separating chamber as to draw only air and steam therefrom; a discharge pipe from the exhauster providing constant discharge to the atmosphere; and means for operating the exhauster and for automatically draining the secondary radiator, substantially as shown and described.

5. In a steam heating system and in combination, av heating circuit embracing a supply pipe, a radiator and a return pipe; a closed air and water receiver connecte( into the return pipe at the return end of the heating system and adapted to receive water of condensation from said system; a pump having its suction in communication with the water space of the receiver and adapted for automatically maintaining a desired water level therein and for delivering where desired Water of condensation from the heating circuit; means for operating said pump; a secondary radiator beyond said receiver and in communication with the air space of said receiver a return pipe from the secondary radiator; a water and air separating chamber in said return pipe; an air exhauster having its suction so connected with said separating chamber as to draw only air and vapor there from and adapted for maintaining a desired degree of vacuum in return piping of the heating system; means for automatically governing action of the cxhauster by the degree of vacuum in return piping of the heating system; a discharge pipe from the exhauster to the atmosphere; and means for o crating the exhauster and for automatic? a 1y draining the secondary radiator, substantially as set forth.

CASSIUS CARROLL PECK. Witnesses:

ARTHUR S. Lrenr, WILLIAM F. MURRAY. 

